All posts by Dr. Marty Becker

Resolve to look beyond the pet food label this year

It’s a New Year. Is it time to take a new look at pet food labels?

We’ve all been urged as consumers to read labels, but there’s a lot of conflicting information out there about what dogs and cats should and shouldn’t eat. Corn, beef, byproducts, organ meats, different oils, probiotics, prebiotics, and the alphabet soup of vitamins and minerals – you can find pros and cons on every one of those ingredients and more published somewhere. Probably plenty of somewheres, in fact… including right here!

So I’d like to ask you to take a step back.

Each of us wants our pets to be as healthy as possible, and wants to feed them a diet that helps us achieve that goal. We all have different ideas about what that diet looks like, and that’s okay. Pets are individuals, and so are pet owners, and as long as we’re making our decisions based on good science and not marketing hype or internet rumor, there are hundreds of “right ways” to feed our pets.

Now, take another look at that ingredient label. Do you really know what those ingredients are? Pet food companies can’t just fabricate how they describe their product on those labels; each ingredient has a definition, which you can read here.

Next, the label can’t tell you about quality of each ingredient. If you have strong feelings on this subject, as I imagine most of you do, this is the time to really research the manufacturer.

What is their reputation in the industry? How have they handled past pet food recalls or other challenges? If you contact them with questions, do they respond promptly, thoroughly, and politely? Pet owners should research the quality and safety standards of their pet food and know who makes it, where it’s made, the steps taken to ensure the quality and safety of their food, and if their food meets or exceeds FDA and AAFCO standards. You can do this by contacting the manufacturer through their consumer telephone line or email, or by checking their website.

Everyone values different things, so be sure to ask them about your specific concerns regarding ingredients. A good company will respond in writing or over the phone, which will let you know whether they can meet the need you’re asking about, and also tells you they’re willing to stand behind what they tell you. (I personally think that second point can outweigh the first one.)

I’d also like to ask you to keep your veterinarian in the loop. I know it’s popular to say that veterinarians have “no training” in pet nutrition, but many veterinarians are actually extremely well-trained in this area, and others have made it an area of special focus or even a specialty.

Additionally, veterinarians see hundreds of pets every month, while you see only yours. They have a broader base of experience to draw on when asked questions about different ingredients and manufacturers, and can be a great partner as you make your pet food decisions.

Finally, I’d also like to ask you to stop chasing after every internet rumor or shiny new marketing campaign you see. Many of the dire warnings I read online are nonsense, and sadly many of them are part of a deliberate disinformation campaign waged by competitors in the marketplace. And don’t get me started on a lot of the ads and hype that are out there – I’m as big a sucker as anyone for a cute or heartwarming ad, and when I was a child that darn Chuck Wagon commercial had us hooked when it came to what we fed our dogs, but I encourage you to go beyond the ads and research the nutrients and ingredients that are in your pet’s food.

I get emails every day asking me for food recommendations, which I never give. I honestly believe this is a decision you need to make with your individual pet in mind and with the help of your veterinarian and your own consumer research. The ingredient label is just your first step in this process.

Your pet: Getting to the heart of the matter

Usually when I talk about the heart and pets, I’m speaking about our emotional connection. Not this time; I’m talking about your pet’s cardiovascular system.

Just like us, your pet’s cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels (veins and arteries), and its function is to pump blood (the heart), deliver oxygen and nutrient rich blood to the tissues (arteries), and bring waste products back to the lungs and kidneys (veins). The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is removed and oxygen added, while the left side of the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body, delivering vital oxygen and nutrients and returning with waste products.

The heart beat itself is like a vehicle’s spark plugs, a tiny electrical current that originates in the heart’s pacemaker called the sinoatrial node — like the distributor and points in older cars or electronic ignition in newer models. Rhythmic electrical impulses spark the contraction of the smooth muscle fibers of the heart. In general, the larger the animal the slower the heart rate. At rest, a horse is 15 beats per minute, a dog 60-160 beats (think Great Dane on the lower end and teacup poodle on the upper end), and a cat more than 200!

In quiet, healthy dogs like the one lying beside you on the couch on in your lap watching TV, the heart rate is usually irregular, increasing while breathing in and slowing while exhaling. This is called respiratory sinus arrhythmia and is an indicator of good health. Over 40 years of practice, I can’t tell you how many times a pet owner has called thinking their pet is breathing rapidly or her heart is racing, when in fact both are normal. Sometime when you’re watching Game of Thrones reruns or Animal Planet, note your pet’s normal breathing and heart rate and put it in the notes of your phone.

Heart rate is inversely related to blood pressure. The heart rate decreases as blood pressure increases; the heart rate increases as blood pressure drops. In heart failure, nerve endings tracking blood pressure changes (for you medical nerds they’re called baroreceptors) mistakenly report to the brain that blood pressure is too low.

This initiates a negative cascade of events such as increasing heart rate and decreasing the lumen of the vessels, like turning a ¾-inch garden hose into a 5/8-inch and then a half-inch one, in an attempt to increase blood pressure. The mechanisms in turn, damage the heart.

Keeping your dog exercise-ready is a stretch. (Literally)

Stretching benefits dogs, whether you’re taking them for a walk around the block, a two-hour hike or a 10-day backpacking trip.

After a five-minute warm-up of walking or light jogging, start with a play bow, luring your dog into position by holding a treat low and pushing it toward the dog. Next, a counter stretch to extend the hind end is done by placing your arm beneath your dog’s belly, in front of his hind legs, holding him in place while you lure him forward with a treat.

Having your dog offer a high five — on both sides — stretches the shoulders. Paws up onto a surface stretches the lower back.

Read more, including how to prepare your cat for your new baby and how to remember a pet who has passed away, in this week’s Pet Connection.

Dog running out of the water with a ball

Your dog has giaridia. What can you do?

Giardia is a very difficult parasite to cure in dogs. Here’s what I told a reader who asked me about her dog’s diagnosis.

Q: My dog doesn’t seem to keep any weight on and has been having occasional diarrhea for no apparent reason. I took in a fecal sample and it showed that he had been exposed to giardia. What can you tell me about this?

A: Giardia is a tricky parasite. The single-celled protozoan can infect most domestic and wild animals, as well as humans, although the canine form is not transmitted from dogs to humans. Infection with giardia has been reported in up to 39 percent of fecal samples from both pet dogs and cats and animals in shelters. It’s most common in puppies, but can also affect older dogs.

Animals become infected with giardia when they ingest water that has been contaminated with feces. The flagellate — meaning whiplike — protozoans then take up residence in the small intestine, attaching to mucosal surfaces and absorbing nutrients that come through. When they reproduce, cysts pass in the feces to contaminate the environment and further spread the infection. Transmission occurs by what we call the fecal-oral route — ingestion of contaminated feces in water or other substances. Even a small amount is enough to give giardia a foothold in the body. High humidity helps ensure that the cysts survive in the environment, and overcrowding, whether in a shelter or kennel, aids transmission.

Many dogs with giardiasis show no signs, but others, like your dog, may lose weight or have chronic diarrhea. Vomiting can also be a sign. The parasite doesn’t always show up in stool samples, and veterinarians may need to do blood work to rule out conditions with similar signs such as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency or other cause of intestinal malabsorption.

Your veterinarian may prescribe a dewormer or antibiotic — or a combination of the two — followed by a recheck of a stool sample.

Read more, including how to recognize and manage separation anxiety, in our weekly Pet Connection feature!

Saying goodbye to Gracie

Our family welcomed a new family member into our home on Christmas Eve in 2010, and said goodbye to her on Christmas Day seven years later. Our beloved family member was an eight-year-old Lab/pit bull mix, who came with the name Gracie.

I typically call euthanasia as the gift of the “final grace,” and it couldn’t some soon enough for Gracie on her final day as I held her head, stroked her contorted body, and told her over and over for two hours that she was loved, as I sat beside her on the floor of our house waiting for a colleague/friend to arrive with a steady hand and the “juice” that would end her suffering quickly.

I often described Gracie as “perfectly flawed,” as she had a variety of serious physical challenges but was perfect in my eyes. Found originally as a stray puppy in extreme Northern Idaho where we live, she was taken to the Bonners Ferry City Pound, a horrific facility that was the only animal shelter at the time in Boundary County, Idaho. She entered the shelter scared and malnourished, but with no physical injuries.

Full of puppy energy and despite plenty of regular exercise and loving care from Kim Putnam and Kate Turner of Second Chance Animal Adoption, Gracie was what some call “pound sour,” which is slang for dogs that don’t adopt well to life in a dark, dank, tiny run with no windows but lots of gloom and doom. Gracie’s outlet for her stress, was to jump up and down, over and over for most of the day, to the point that she literally pounded the fragile ends (growth plates were still open) of her femur, tibia, and fibula off.

We’re talking a loss of about 2” inches off both bones, destroying any resemblance of knees. Her hip joints were intact, but she was left with masses of fibrous scar tissue that served to fuse her back legs into a crouched position. Without normal movement, the muscles also atrophied, and with her contorted, crouched stance and labored movement, some said Gracie reminded them of Gollum from the Lord of the Rings movies.

Gracie also had a crazy set of chompers. If you’ve ever seen novelty Billy Bob teeth, Gracie could have been the model for the canine version. Her teeth were of different heights and shapes, and instead of being in a row, looked like a drunk, blind person put them into place haphazardly. While the north end of Gracie was what my Mom used to say “only a mother could love,” her south end was kind of odd, too, with a rigid tail that was like an 18-inch-long hickory sapling. That tail could do some major percussion on a wall, or put the hurt on the side of your leg, when she was excited.

Veterinarians and veterinary nurses love pit bulls, and I often illustrate this affection-connection when writing, speaking, or doing TV by telling folks that we owned a very special dog, a canine cocktail who was half pit bull and half Black Labrador retriever. I joked that this was the ideal mixed breed, as Gracie might chew your arm off, but she’d bring it back to you.

It made for a smile or laugh, but in reality, there wasn’t an iota of aggression in “Gracie Girl,” as I often called her. Writers hate clichés but I don’t know a better description than to say she was a lover, not a fighter. The only thing she hated was small, black tree squirrels, and she would sit under a Ponderosa Pine tree and bark for hours.

GracieWith a major deformity and severe arthritis, Gracie had good days and bad days. Same for my wife Teresa who has rheumatoid arthritis and Nate, our neighbor (and caretaker when we travel), who has a progressive, extremely painful and debilitating neurological problem. Both can identify with Gracie’s limitations and days of hell, and each found great comfort in spending time with Gracie. This connection was not just emotional, in that she made them feel good, but physically healing by harnessing the healing power of pets.

Because of my crazy travel schedule (the vast majority for work in general and Fear Free specifically; I was gone from home about 80 percent of 2017), I anticipated and treasured the days when I was home at Almost Heaven Ranch and Gracie was a highlight of those days. Gracie loved the outdoors more than the indoors and relished:

  1. Starting a sing-song by barking back at the neighbor’s dogs (our closest neighbor is about 1/3 mile away, the next one a mile)
  2. Catching scent on the wind
  3. Alarm barking and then wobbling over to greet Marty, the FedEx delivery driver, who always had a hard biscuit(s) and a soft heart for her.
  4. Lying in the cool grass in the shade of the giant pine tree in our front yard
  5. Ambling down into our pasture to dig up pocket gophers. When Gracie did this, she would always be really sore and crippled the next day, but was worth it.
  6. Catching a cornucopia of dog treats that I would toss to her and she’d snatch up with aplomb. Gracie had a huge mouth, and when she’d catch a treat her jaws would snap shut with a very audible sound. The sound always made us smile.
  7. Gracie and MartyGoing from our house to our two-story log horse barn, which sits on a small hill above our house.

Of all of these activities, going up to the barn was her very favorite of all. It’s because she loved to eat grain that the horses spilled in their stalls, lick out the bucket I mixed the grain/corn/molasses in, get some doggy treats in the medicine room in the barn, nip at the horses as they flew by (missing them by about a yard) and going bobbing for horse apples out in the corral. Let’s just say Gracie’s breath wasn’t the sweetest but that never stopped me from kissing her (usually near her eyes or cheeks) or accepting the biggest, slurpiest kisses from her.

During this last sleepless Christmas Eve, I replayed the arc of Gracie’s life before, with, and after us.

Gracie languished in the shelter for two years, seemingly unadoptable. She had lots of loving hands taking care of her at the shelter, but it seemed nobody had room in their hearts or homes for a black, severely crippled pit bull mix who had been in the shelter so long. A few lookers but no takers. Until one special day.

My trainer and co-author daughter Mikkel and I were in Sandpoint, Idaho, on Christmas Eve, 2010, at Panhandle Animal Shelter to take part in our annual Happy Howlidays event where we gave each of hundreds of dogs and cats a) a new toy, b) some tasty treats, and c) the promise that we’d all redouble our efforts to find them loving, forever homes.

Upon leaving the shelter and driving up to Bonners Ferry, Idaho, to do the same event in our hometown shelter (Second Chance Animal Adoption), I was talking to Mikkel about how it kept being laid upon my heart to get another shelter dog, but that I was in no hurry. Mikkel loves dogs, and loves adoptions, so she quickly agreed to help me look, but strongly recommended that I should look to adopt a 10-20 lb., long-haired, light-coated (or with multiple coat colors for a lot of contrast), neutered female, healthy dog.

Light-weight would mean the dog would be portable and could be flown under my seat on the airplane. Long-haired dogs shed less than short haired dogs and you can keep them groomed short for minimum of loose hair; important when you’re doing TV and don’t want to wear your pet on camera. Light coated or a dog with contrasting colors looks great in photos or on TV. Female dogs look better on camera if you have to show their stomach or groin area and don’t want an R-rating.

We agreed to look for just the right pet, to not be in any hurry, and would target an adoption about six months later when it was summer.

An hour later I instantly fell in love with a dog who couldn’t have been more of an opposite of our canine shopping criteria. Gracie was 50 pounds, short-haired (she shed like a hairy hand-grenade), with jet black hair and too crippled to do any kind of tricks or exercise on videos or TV.

Mikkel came looking for me at the event and found I was sitting in Gracie’s run at Second Chance giving her a stuffed KONG (the toy and treat we gave each pet on Happy Howlidays) and telling her we’d work twice as hard to find her a home. Gracie ignored the toy and treats and instead laid her big ‘ol pit head in my lap and looked up at me. I’m sure many of you have been similarly gobsmacked by a pet; we looked at each other saying without words, “I’m yours and you’re mine.”

Gracie had made one move a little while before from a dark, decrepit, super-cramped mini-run at the city shelter to a bright, new, spacious run at Second Chance’s new shelter (she rode from the old shelter to the new one on a float and was the first dog through the door), and now she made another on Mikkel’s lap in my pickup truck, finally landing at our 150-acre, Almost Heaven Ranch. Her forever home.

Gracie flourished at our house, and when Kim or Kate came to visit they couldn’t believe how she’d bloomed. She developed into a very muscular, shiny, happy dog who always alarm barked at visitors and then threatened to lick them to death. While we loved having her in the house, she much preferred the great outdoors, chasing snow shoe rabbits, chipmunks, ground squirrels, tree squirrels (her nemesis), and the occasional deer or horse.

Gracie seemed to always forget that she was crippled and never gave up her tortoise-like chase until almost her last day. In fact, Mikkel came home for Christmas vacation this year and when I was on a business trip in late December, went up to the barn with her mom, Teresa, to do the chores and Kel had to wrangle Gracie and our horse Benny when Gracie decided to try her paw at chasing the horses. Both Mikkel and Teresa got to watch Gracie catch treats in her mouth up at the barn with her tail wagging so vigorously from side to side that it almost lifted alternate back feet off of the ground.

I got home about a week before Christmas this year and immediately knew something was wrong with Gracie. She had a green nasal discharge, hard masses under her left, front leg, and she was wobbling. I palpated her abdomen and felt an enlarged, lumpy liver and spleen. Being a veterinarian can be such a curse because on your own pet, your eyes cannot un-see extreme pain at a distance, the wobble means a traumatized spinal cord, and your fingers feel death just under the skin.

After seeking veterinary care and diagnostics, we knew Gracie could not be successfully treated, let along cured, so we opted for palliative care and wanted her to make it through Christmas Day.

The reason we wanted Gracie to be with us through Christmas had nothing to do with her leaving us the same day she came to us, but only because she could share her very favorite foods with the rest of the family. We’re talking smoked turkey breast and salmon, right off the grill. For reasons only known to our Heavenly Father, Gracie ate an amazing last supper, but couldn’t last the day. I called Dr. Rolan Hall, who without hesitation agreed to do a house call on Christmas Day.

buddiesWaiting for Dr. Hall to arrive, I had a long talk with Gracie. We talked of hot dogs and s’mores eaten at our firepit, massages received from Teresa, my baby-talking her daily calling her Gracie-Girl, long naps under her favorite tree, deer bones she hauled into the yard from the forest, the time she got lost/fell over a steep hill and I found her only after an almost-all-night search, about the canine buddies she’d said goodbye to (Shakira, Bruce, Quora, and Quin’C) and her four-legged buddies who would be with her as she crossed over (Quixote, QT Pi, Quill’N, Willy, and Talley).

Teresa, our son, Lex, and I kept telling Gracie how much we loved her, and we replayed for her great times she’d had being trained by Mikkel and played with by our granddaughter, Reagan. Tears poured out and I struggled for breath. Teresa, who had never been able to be present to say goodbye to any of our pets, felt so sorry for me and worried about me that she offered to be with Gracie for the final moments. I said thanks, but no thanks, knowing that Teresa would really suffer from it (emotionally and physically with her rheumatoid arthritis) and that I wanted to be with Gracie to the end.

Gracie was in debilitating pain that even potent pain meds couldn’t douse. Teresa and I both massaged her; Teresa on her ears while I rubbed the massive jaw muscles above the orbits of Gracie’s eyes. Gracie-Girl stared out into the distance as we kept telling her that it was okay to go. We prayed out loud, together, “Please God, let Gracie go. Let her body be free of pain and suffering. Run free, Gracie. We’ll see you again someday, but this time with perfect bodies.”

Our voices broke, bodies trembled, and tears flowed as we waited for what seemed like an eternity for the gift of death to arrive. In about an hour, Dr. Hall knocked at the back door and came inside. Lex came downstairs to help all of us (Dr. Hall, Gracie, and me).

I didn’t rise to meet Dr. Hall, but instead knew I’d better say my final goodbyes to Gracie as Dr. Hall was busy. Gracie was his third euthanasia that day; he remarked that he always has a lot of them on Christmas. Ignoring the fact that Gracie had nipped at me three times as I rubbed her body (Gracie had never bitten anybody before; her spinal cord pain was off of the charts and she was just reflexively snapping out at the source of pain) I got in really close to Gracie’s face. Selfishly, I wanted to look closely into her dark brown eyes, smell her warm breath, whisper a final goodbye.

I comforted Gracie as Dr. Hall clipped the hair on her right front leg, applied a tourniquet, and drew up a syringe full of the liquid that would quickly and humanely end her suffering. I asked for a moment, leaned down and smelled her Frito feet, gave her a final kiss goodbye, and whispered in her ear, “You were loved, you were loved, you were loved.”

Blood back-flowed into the syringe showing the needle had found its mark. As the plunger was pushed in, Gracie pushed the air out of her lungs with one final exhale. I held her head and laid her down to rest. I closed her eyes. For the first time since I met Gracie seven years before, her body was completely relaxed. No pain. I looked up, choked up, giving thanks for the blessing that Gracie was no longer on the floor in front of me.

One final thing. Over the past 72 hours, many people have told me, “You gave Gracie a good home.” trying so hard to comfort me. Yes, I helped give Gracie not just a good home, but a great home. But as I told Teresa, “Gracie gave us a great life.”

Gracie Kissing Reagan